Social innovation, political activism and solidarity: insights from the pandemic crisis

This article investigates the relationship between social innovation, solidarity and experiences of socio-political activism at the urban level by researching local responses to the social crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in Milan and Naples. The study analyses the role of some urban self-organised groups against the social effects of isolation and the dynamics of de-politicisation and re-politicisation underlying the governance of the emergency. In addition, it highlights how the extent of the crisis can, on the one hand, push towards unprecedented coalitions potentially able to re-politicise local governance and, on the other, promote a convergence towards the logic of the ‘post-welfare city', which risks neutralising the innovative effect of the transformations. Copyright © FrancoAngeli.

Be the hero: Evaluation of the quality of basic life support manoeuvres by school-age children

Background: Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) is the third leading cause of death in developed countries, with a survival rate less than 10%. Actually, although 70% of OHCA episodes are witnessed by laypeople only a third receive Basic Life Support (BLS). In Portugal, bystander-performed Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) rate is still below 17%, with a survival rate of 4%. One of the most effective ways to increase bystander CPR is by training school-age children in BLS and Automated External Defibrillator (AED). Aims: Evaluate the capacity to learn and the quality of BLS maneuvers performed by school-age children. Methods: During a four-month period (interruption due to SARS-CoV-2 pandemic), BLS-AED teaching sessions were provided across schools in Oeiras, Portugal. It is considered that children older than 14 years old are able to perform quality chest compressions. Thus, classes from 14 to 18 years old were selected. Each session lasted 100 mins and was provided by nurses, with a ratio of one nurse to six students. Laerdal Medical's QCPR® software was used to measure and collect data of the quality of chest compressions. According to QCPR®, CPR is considered high quality if the final score is higher than 84%. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 734 young people were trained, with a median score of 97% (89–99) on the final QCPR® score. All students were able to provide chest compressions with the appropriate depth (>5 cm), 82% (44–96) provided chest compress at the recommended rate (100–120 bpm), and median compression rate of 112 (106–119) cpm. Male students performed deeper and more successful compressions but with less recoil than female students. Conclusions: School-age children aged 14–18 years old were able to learn and perform high-quality BLS maneuvers. We consider these results can have relevant public-health implications.